Anatomy And — Physiology Of Eye Ak Khurana Pdf |top|

"Anatomy and Physiology of Eye"

The textbook by A.K. Khurana and Indu Khurana is a cornerstone resource for students and professionals in ophthalmology. Part of the Modern System of Ophthalmology (MSO) Series , it is designed to provide a deep, integrated understanding of how ocular structures are built and how they function together to produce vision. Core Content and Chapter Breakdown

However, based on general knowledge of the book (a well-known text, often a section within Khurana’s larger Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye and Ocular Diseases or part of his ophthalmology series): anatomy and physiology of eye ak khurana pdf

Part 1: Why AK Khurana? The Legacy of a Textbook

• Composition: 99% water + collagen type II, hyaluronic acid, and hyalocytes.
• Functions: Optical transparency, shock absorption, maintain retinal apposition.
• With age: Syneresis (liquefaction) → posterior vitreous detachment (floaters).

• Iris: Two muscles – sphincter pupillae (CN III parasympathetic – constriction) and dilator pupillae (sympathetic – dilation). Function: Regulate light entry.
• Ciliary body: Pars plicata (folds – produce aqueous humor) + pars plana. Ciliary muscle (accommodation – contracts to relax zonules).
• Choroid: Rich vascular layer (outer Haller, inner Sattler layers + choriocapillaris). Supplies outer retina (photoreceptors). Contains melanocytes (light absorption).
• Physiology of aqueous humor: Produced by non-pigmented ciliary epithelium via active secretion (carbonic anhydrase) and ultrafiltration. Flows: Posterior chamber → pupil → anterior chamber → trabecular meshwork → Schlemm’s canal → venous system. Intraocular pressure (IOP) normal: 10–21 mmHg.

Phototransduction

: Understand how rods and cones convert light into electrical signals for the brain. "Anatomy and Physiology of Eye" The textbook by A