(providing an appropriate environment and shelter).
: For animals used in science, the USDA promotes Replacement (using non-animal methods), Reduction (using fewer animals), and Refinement (minimizing pain) [29]. Animal Welfare and Rights: A Comprehensive Review Freedom
The most widely accepted standard for animal welfare is the , formalized by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Council and adopted by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH): Reduction (using fewer animals)
Improving living conditions, implementing "cruelty-free" standards, and ensuring humane slaughter or laboratory practices. Animal Rights: The "Moral Status" Standard implementing "cruelty-free" standards